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Capillaritis

Presents as pinpoint petechiae ('cayenne pepper' spots) on the lower legs and is a benign inflammation of capillaries without vessel wall destruction.

Erythema nodosum

Presents as painful, tender, erythematous nodules on the shins, which is a panniculitis (inflammation of fat), not a true vasculitis of dermal vessels.

Polyarteritis nodosa

A systemic vasculitis of medium-sized arteries, which can present with subcutaneous nodules, livedo reticularis, and ulceration.

Stasis dermatitis

Caused by venous incompetence, not inflammation of blood vessels, and is associated with edema, eczema, and hemosiderin staining.

Thrombocytopenia

Can cause petechiae and purpura due to low platelet count, but these lesions are non-palpable and not caused by vessel inflammation.

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