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Bowen's disease

A form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ, presenting as a persistent, well-demarcated, slowly enlarging, red, scaly plaque.

Carcinoma en cuirasse

A rare form of cutaneous metastasis, typically from breast cancer, where the skin of the chest becomes diffusely infiltrated, hardened, and board-like, resembling a suit of armor.

Carcinoma erysipeloides

A form of cutaneous metastasis that mimics a bacterial erysipelas infection, presenting as a warm, tender, well-demarcated erythematous plaque.

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia

A benign reactive proliferation of lymphocytes presenting as a solitary or grouped, reddish-brown to violaceous infiltrated plaque.

Discoid lupus erythematosis

A form of cutaneous lupus causing well-demarcated, erythematous, indurated plaques with adherent scale, follicular plugging, and central atrophy.

Erythema elevatum diutinum

A rare vasculitis presenting as persistent, firm, violaceous or reddish-brown plaques and nodules over extensor surfaces and joints.

Fixed drug eruption

A drug reaction that characteristically recurs in the exact same location as a solitary, well-demarcated, dusky red or violaceous plaque that may blister.

Granuloma faciale

A benign inflammatory condition presenting as a single or multiple soft, brown-red to violaceous plaques with prominent follicular openings, exclusively on the face.

Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate

Characterized by asymptomatic, non-scaly, erythematous papules that coalesce into annular or arcuate plaques on the face, neck, and upper back.

Leishmaniasis

The cutaneous form can present as an infiltrated, erythematous plaque that may later ulcerate.

Leprosy

Tuberculoid or borderline leprosy can present as large, well-defined, anesthetic, erythematous plaques with raised borders.

Lupus vulgaris

A form of cutaneous tuberculosis that can cause progressive, destructive, reddish-brown plaques with an "apple-jelly" appearance on diascopy.

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

A rare, aggressive sweat gland carcinoma that presents as a firm, indurated, skin-colored or yellowish plaque on the face.

Mycosis fungoides

The plaque stage of this T-cell lymphoma presents as infiltrated, scaly, erythematous or violaceous plaques that may be annular or arcuate.

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis

Presents as tender, erythematous plaques and papules, often in patients on chemotherapy, caused by a neutrophilic infiltrate around eccrine sweat glands.

Polymorphic light eruption

The most common photodermatosis, often presenting as a delayed, itchy eruption of erythematous papules and plaques on sun-exposed skin.

Psoriasis

The classic presentation is a well-demarcated, erythematous plaque with a thick, silvery-white scale.

Rosacea

Can present with persistent erythema and edematous plaques (phyma), especially on the nose (rhinophyma).

Sarcoidosis

Can present as infiltrated, violaceous or reddish-brown plaques, often with an annular configuration, particularly on the face, back, and extremities.

Superficial basal cell carcinoma

A subtype of BCC that presents as a slowly growing, pink or red, slightly scaly plaque with a fine, thread-like pearly border.

Sweet's syndrome

Presents with the abrupt onset of tender, erythematous, edematous "juicy" plaques and nodules with a pseudovesicular appearance.

Tinea

A fungal "ringworm" infection presenting as an erythematous, scaling plaque with a raised, active, advancing border and central clearing.

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