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Allergic contact dermatitis

The most common cause, presenting as an intensely itchy, red, swollen, and scaly rash on the thin eyelid skin, often from nail polish, makeup, or fragrances.

Atopic dermatitis

A common manifestation of eczema in children and adults, often causing bilateral erythema, scaling, and lichenification of the eyelids.

Dermatomyositis

An autoimmune disease characterized by a distinctive purplish-red "heliotrope" rash on the upper eyelids, often with associated swelling (edema).

Discoid lupus erythematosis

Can present as well-demarcated, atrophic, erythematous plaques with scale on the eyelids, which can lead to permanent loss of eyelashes (madarosis).

Irritant dermatis

A non-allergic inflammation from harsh chemicals or rubbing, causing redness, stinging, and scaling of the eyelid skin.

Perioral dermatitis

While centered around the mouth, this rash of tiny red papules can also extend to involve the periorbital skin.

Rosacea

Ocular rosacea can cause inflammation of the eyelid margins (blepharitis), leading to redness, telangiectasias, and crusting.

Seborrhoiec dermatitis

Commonly affects the eyelids, causing fine, greasy, yellowish scales on the eyelid margins (blepharitis) and in the eyebrows.

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