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Acne

A common rash characterized by a mix of comedones, inflammatory papules, and pustules in a sebaceous gland distribution.

Acne agminata

A rare eruption of grouped, reddish-brown papules and nodules, typically around the eyes, which heals with scarring.

Acute lupus erythematosis

Presents as the classic, often edematous, "butterfly rash" (malar rash) that spares the nasolabial folds, triggered by sun exposure.

Adenoma sebaceum

A misnomer for facial angiofibromas in tuberous sclerosis, appearing as multiple, reddish papules in a butterfly distribution.

Airborne contact dermatitis

An eczematous rash characteristically affecting exposed skin, including the face, eyelids, and V of the neck, from allergens in the air.

Allergic contact dermatitis

An eczematous rash in a pattern that corresponds to contact with a specific allergen, such as from makeup or glasses frames.

Carcinoid

Carcinoid syndrome can cause dramatic, episodic flushing of the face, neck, and upper chest, which can become fixed and cyanotic over time.

Dermatomyositis

An autoimmune disease with a characteristic purplish-red "heliotrope" rash on the eyelids and a flat-topped (Gottron's) papules on the knuckles.

Discoid lupus erythematosis

A form of cutaneous lupus causing well-demarcated, erythematous, indurated plaques with adherent scale, follicular plugging, and central atrophy.

Dowling-Degos syndrome

A genetic disorder presenting with a reticulated (net-like) pattern of hyperpigmentation in flexures, which can also involve the face.

Drug phototoxicity

A non-allergic reaction resembling an exaggerated sunburn, with erythema and sometimes blistering, strictly confined to sun-exposed areas.

Eczema herpeticum

A disseminated herpes simplex infection on pre-existing eczema, causing a sudden eruption of umbilicated vesicles and "punched-out" erosions.

Erysipelas

A superficial bacterial (streptococcal) cellulitis of the face, presenting as a fiery-red, warm, indurated, and sharply demarcated plaque.

Fifth disease

A viral illness (parvovirus B19) causing a characteristic bright red "slapped cheek" rash on the face, followed by a lacy, reticular rash on the body.

Fixed drug eruption

A drug reaction that recurs in the exact same spot as a well-demarcated, dusky red or violaceous plaque, which can occur on the face.

Granuloma faciale

A benign condition presenting as a single or multiple soft, brown-red to violaceous plaques with prominent follicular openings on the face.

Granulomatous filler reaction

Presents as firm papules and nodules that develop months to years after the injection of cosmetic fillers.

Herpes simplex

A viral infection causing a cluster of small vesicles on an erythematous base, most commonly on the lips ("cold sore") or perioral skin.

Impetigo

A superficial bacterial infection with characteristic honey-colored crusts, often around the nose and mouth.

Jessner's lymphocytic infiltrate

Characterized by asymptomatic, non-scaly, erythematous papules that coalesce into annular plaques on the face, neck, and upper back.

Lupus vulgaris

A form of cutaneous tuberculosis causing progressive, destructive, reddish-brown plaques with an "apple-jelly" appearance on diascopy.

Pemphigus erythematosis

Also known as Senear-Usher syndrome, this is an overlap of pemphigus foliaceus and lupus erythematosus, with crusted, scaly lesions in a "butterfly" distribution on the face.

Pemphigus foliaceus

An autoimmune blistering disease with superficial, fragile bullae that rupture easily, leading to shallow erosions and a "cornflake-like" scale, often in a seborrheic distribution on the face and upper trunk.

Perioral dermatitis

An eruption of tiny erythematous papules and pustules clustered around the mouth, characteristically sparing the vermilion border.

Photoallergic drug reaction

A delayed, eczematous reaction that is strictly limited to sun-exposed areas of skin, caused by a UV-activated allergen.

Phototoxic drug reaction

An immediate, non-allergic reaction resembling an exaggerated sunburn, confined to sun-exposed areas.

Polymorphic light eruption

A common delayed photodermatosis with an itchy eruption of various morphologies (papules, plaques, vesicles) on sun-exposed skin.

Psoriasis

Can affect the face with well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with a silvery scale, often along the hairline or in the eyebrows.

Rosacea

A chronic condition of centrofacial erythema, telangiectasias, papules, and pustules, but lacking comedones.

Sarcoidosis

Can present with reddish-brown or violaceous papules and plaques, often in an annular configuration or as lupus pernio (on the nose).

Scleroderma

Systemic sclerosis causes characteristic skin hardening, a "mauskopf" (mouse-like) facies with a pinched nose, and perioral radial furrowing.

Seborrhoiec dermatitis

A common rash causing greasy, yellowish scale on an erythematous base in the eyebrows, nasolabial folds, and scalp.

Shingles

Reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, causing a painful, unilateral eruption of vesicles on an erythematous base in a cranial nerve distribution.

Steroid overuse

Can lead to steroid rosacea, with persistent erythema, telangiectasias, and papules, or perioral dermatitis.

Subacute lupus erythematosis

A photosensitive form of lupus presenting as non-scarring, annular or polycyclic, erythematous, scaly plaques.

Sunburn

An acute, painful, erythematous reaction of the skin following overexposure to UV radiation.

Tinea faciale

A fungal "ringworm" infection of the facial skin, presenting as an annular, erythematous, scaling plaque with a raised border.

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