Chronic hardening and narrowing of arteries can lead to progressive ischemia, causing cool, pale digits and painful ulcers.
An inflammatory vascular disease strongly linked to smoking, causing claudication and ischemic ulcers or gangrene of the digits.
A small-vessel vasculitis that can lead to ischemic necrosis of the fingertips, often preceded by Raynaud's phenomenon and purpura.
A sudden occlusion of a digital artery by a clot or cholesterol crystal ("blue toe syndrome") causes acute, painful ischemia of a single digit.
A systemic disorder that can cause vascular occlusion and digital ischemia due to eosinophil-mediated thrombosis.
A rare sign of underlying malignancy, presenting with severe Raynaud's phenomenon and painful ischemic necrosis of the digits.
Severe, prolonged vasospasm in Raynaud's can lead to ischemic damage, presenting as exquisitely painful ulcers or gangrene at the very tips of the digits.
A connective tissue disease where vascular damage and fibrosis lead to severe Raynaud's, tapering of the digits (sclerodactyly), and painful, "rat-bite" ischemic ulcers over bony prominences.
