A severe, persistent photosensitivity reaction leading to markedly thickened, lichenified, and furrowed skin on the face and other sun-exposed areas.
Infiltration of the facial skin by malignant T-cells can lead to diffuse thickening, plaques, and nodules, causing facial distortion.
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis causes a non-ulcerating infiltration of the skin, leading to a thickened, leonine appearance.
The classic cause, resulting from diffuse infiltration of the facial skin by Mycobacterium leprae, leading to thickened skin, nodules, and loss of the eyebrows.
Infiltration of the skin by leukemic cells can present as multiple nodules and plaques that coalesce to create a distorted, thickened facial appearance.
A rare genetic disorder with deposition of hyaline material, causing waxy papules, thickened skin, and a characteristic hoarse cry from laryngeal infiltration.
A rare systemic disease causing destructive arthritis and a profusion of reddish-brown cutaneous papules and nodules that can create a leonine facies.
A rare form of mastocytosis with numerous large, yellowish-brown nodules and plaques that can become confluent on the face.
A hereditary syndrome with skin thickening and deep furrowing of the face and scalp (cutis verticis gyrata), along with digital clubbing.
A rare histiocytic disorder with a progressive eruption of thousands of papules and nodules that can become disfiguring.
Infiltrative sarcoidosis with numerous coalescing plaques and nodules can result in a leonine appearance.
A rare mucinosis causing widespread waxy papules and a diffuse, woody induration of the skin, particularly on the face, leading to reduced expression.
Infiltration of the skin with amyloid can cause waxy thickening and induration of the facial features.
