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Cephalocele

A congenital protrusion of the brain and/or meninges through a skull defect, presenting as a soft, pulsatile, skin-covered mass at the nasal bridge.

Dermoid cyst

A firm, non-tender, non-compressible congenital cyst, often in the midline, which may have a sinus tract with a protruding hair.

Epidermoid cyst

A firm, dome-shaped subcutaneous nodule containing keratin, which is acquired and very rare on the nose in children compared to a dermoid.

Ethmoid mucocele

A mucous-filled sac from an ethmoid sinus that expands and can present as a mass on the side of the nose, displacing the eye.

Fibrosarcoma

A rare malignant tumor of fibrous tissue that can present as a rapidly growing, firm mass.

Haemangiopericytoma

A rare vascular tumor that can present as a firm, reddish-blue, vascular mass.

Infantile haemangioma

A common, benign vascular tumor presenting as a bright red, raised, 'strawberry' mark that grows rapidly in the first year of life.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

A benign histiocytic proliferation presenting as a solitary, firm, yellow-to-red-brown, dome-shaped papule or nodule.

Nasal glioma

A rare collection of heterotopic brain tissue presenting as a firm, non-compressible, reddish or skin-colored nodule at the nasal bridge that does not pulsate.

Nasolacrimal duct cyst

A bluish, cystic swelling located at the medial canthus of the eye, arising from an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.

Neuroblastoma

Metastasis from this adrenal tumor can cause characteristic periorbital ecchymoses ('raccoon eyes') and proptosis.

Osteosarcoma

A malignant bone tumor that can arise in the facial bones, causing a hard, fixed, and often painful swelling.

Pilomatricoma

A benign hair follicle tumor presenting as a very hard, deep-seated, rock-like nodule that may have a bluish hue.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

The most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, which can present as a rapidly growing, fleshy mass in the head and neck region.

Teratoma

A rare germ cell tumor containing tissues from multiple embryonic layers, which can present as a complex mass protruding from the nose or mouth at birth.

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