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Apthous ulcer

Recurrent aphthous ulcers are common, but in HIV can be unusually large, numerous, persistent, and painful.

Atypical mycobacterial infection

Can cause chronic, non-healing, granulomatous ulcers in the oral cavity of severely immunocompromised patients.

Cryptococcosis

This disseminated fungal infection can present as non-healing, crateriform ulcers on the palate or tongue.

Cytomegalovirus

CMV can cause single or multiple large, painful, 'punched-out' ulcers with a necrotic base.

Herpes simplex

Can present as large, chronic, non-healing ulcerative lesions anywhere in the oral cavity in severely immunocompromised patients.

Histoplasmosis

A disseminated fungal infection that commonly presents in the mouth as a persistent, indurated, ulcerative lesion on the tongue or palate.

Kaposi sarcoma

A vascular tumor that can present as violaceous plaques or nodules on the palate which may ulcerate.

Lymphoma

HIV-associated lymphomas can present in the oral cavity as a rapidly growing, purplish, ulcerative mass.

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

A severe, painful infection causing rapid destruction of the gums, with ulcerated, 'punched-out' interdental papillae and a foul odor.

Primary chancre

The primary ulcer of syphilis may be larger or more numerous in HIV-infected individuals.

Secondary syphilis

Can cause classic mucous patches or 'snail-track' ulcers on the oral mucosa.

Squamous cell carcinoma

There is an increased risk of oral SCC, which presents as a persistent, firm, indurated ulcer that fails to heal.

Stephens-Johnson syndrome

A typo, should be Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, a severe drug reaction causing widespread hemorrhagic erosions and ulcers of the oral mucosa.

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