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Acrochordon

A 'skin tag,' which is a soft, fleshy, pedunculated (on a stalk) papule, not a true subcutaneous nodule.

Angiolipoma

A benign subcutaneous tumor composed of fat and blood vessels that is characteristically tender to palpation.

Calcinosis

Multiple hard, white or yellowish, subcutaneous nodules that may extrude chalky calcium material.

Cutaneous metastasis

Cancer that has spread to the skin, often appearing as a firm, non-tender, rapidly appearing, subcutaneous nodule.

Dermatofibroma

A common, firm, button-like dermal nodule that characteristically dimples or retracts downwards when pinched.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans

A low-grade sarcoma that begins as a firm, plaque-like lesion and slowly grows into a large, protuberant, subcutaneous mass.

Dermoid cyst

A congenital subcutaneous cyst that is firm, non-tender, and may be fixed to underlying structures.

Epidermoid cyst

A common, firm, dome-shaped subcutaneous nodule with a central punctum, containing cheesy, foul-smelling keratin.

Erythema nodosum

A septal panniculitis presenting as the sudden onset of tender, erythematous, non-ulcerating subcutaneous nodules on the anterior shins.

Foreign body granuloma

A firm subcutaneous nodule formed by a granulomatous reaction to an embedded foreign material like a splinter or suture.

Ganglion

A firm, smooth, non-tender cystic structure attached to a tendon sheath or joint capsule, most commonly on the wrist.

Gouty tophi

Deposits of uric acid crystals forming firm, white-to-yellowish subcutaneous nodules over joints.

Keloid

An overgrowth of scar tissue that extends beyond the borders of the original wound, forming a firm, rubbery, subcutaneous nodule.

Lipoma

A very common benign tumor of fat, presenting as a soft, mobile, non-tender, 'doughy' subcutaneous nodule.

Lymph node

An enlarged lymph node can be felt as a firm, mobile or fixed, subcutaneous nodule.

Neurofibroma

A soft, skin-colored, subcutaneous nodule that may have a 'button-hole' like quality, invaginating with pressure.

Pilar cyst

A very common, firm, smooth, mobile subcutaneous nodule on the scalp that lacks a central punctum.

Polyarteritis nodosa

A medium-vessel vasculitis that can cause tender, subcutaneous erythematous nodules, often in a linear pattern along an artery.

Rheumatoid nodule

A firm, non-tender, subcutaneous nodule found over joints and pressure points in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Subcutaneous granuloma annulare

A variant of granuloma annulare presenting as deep, firm, non-tender, skin-colored nodules, often on the shins or scalp of children.

Xanthoma

A deposition of lipid, which can form a firm, painless, reddish-yellow subcutaneous nodule (tuberous xanthoma), often over joints.

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