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Acroangiodermatitis

Ulceration develops within violaceous papules and plaques on the dorsal feet that mimic Kaposi sarcoma but are caused by chronic venous insufficiency.

Angioendotheliomatosis

Ulceration occurs within ill-defined, violaceous plaques resulting from benign endothelial proliferation within dermal vessels, often linked to systemic disease.

Angiosarcoma

A rapidly expanding, bruise-like, violaceous patch or nodule, typically on the scalp of an elderly individual, that frequently ulcerates and bleeds.

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Painful, punched-out ulcers arise within areas of livedo reticularis or stellate purpura, often on the lower extremities.

Arterial ulcer

A painful, 'punched-out' ulcer with a pale, non-granulating base and sharply defined borders, typically located over distal pressure points like toes.

Atypical mycobacterial infection

An indolent, crusted ulcer or verrucous plaque develops at a site of skin trauma, particularly on an extremity following aquatic exposure.

Basal cell carcinoma

A slow-growing ulcer with a distinctive pearly, rolled border and overlying telangiectasias, most commonly on sun-exposed skin.

Behcet's disease

Recurrent, painful, 'punched-out' oral and genital ulcers with a surrounding red halo that heal with scarring are the hallmark presentation.

Cryoglobulinaemia

Painful ulcers develop from preceding palpable purpura, primarily on cooler, dependent areas like the lower legs and ankles.

Cutaneous anthrax

A central, black, depressed, and painless necrotic eschar forms, surrounded by a ring of profound, non-pitting edema.

Cutaneous tuberculosis

An indolent, firm ulcer (tuberculous chancre) develops at the site of inoculation, often with undermined edges and regional lymphadenopathy.

Deep fungal infection

A chronic, often verrucous or crusted ulcer arises from a primary nodule, sometimes with satellite lesions forming along lymphatic channels (sporotrichoid spread).

Dermatitis artefacta

The ulcer has a bizarre, sharply demarcated, or geometric shape, located in an area accessible to the patient's hands.

Diabetic ulcer

A painless ulcer with a 'punched-out' appearance and surrounding thick callus is typically located on plantar pressure points of the foot.

Diffuse dermal angiomatosis

Ulceration occurs within tender, violaceous, reticulated plaques, most commonly on the pendulous breasts of obese women.

Ecthyma

A 'punched-out' ulcer with a raised, violaceous margin and a thick, adherent gray-yellow crust, typically on the lower extremities.

Ecthyma gangrenosum

A rapidly evolving necrotic ulcer with a central black eschar and an erythematous halo occurs in an immunocompromised or septic patient.

Hydroxyurea

Extremely painful, atrophic ulcers develop around the malleoli in patients on long-term treatment for myeloproliferative disorders.

Leishmaniasis

A painless ulcer with a characteristic raised, indurated, rolled border and a central depression develops at the site of a sandfly bite.

Leprosy

A chronic, painless, neuropathic ulcer develops on the plantar surface of an anesthetic foot due to unperceived repetitive trauma.

Livedoid vasculopathy

Small, intensely painful, recurrent ulcers on the lower legs heal to leave distinctive porcelain-white, stellate scars known as atrophie blanche.

Marjolin's ulcer

A squamous cell carcinoma manifests as an indurated, fungating, and non-healing ulcer arising within a long-standing scar or chronic wound.

Mycosis fungoides

Ulceration develops within large, exophytic, reddish-brown tumor nodules in the advanced stage of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

Painful ulceration occurs within a pre-existing waxy, atrophic, yellowish plaque with a violaceous border, characteristically located on the shin.

Neuropathic ulcer

A deep, painless ulcer forms at a pressure point on an anesthetic extremity, often surrounded by a hyperkeratotic callus.

Panniculitis

An ulcer forms from the breakdown of an underlying, tender, subcutaneous nodule, often with drainage of oily, necrotic fat.

Pressure ulcer

Localized tissue necrosis develops over a bony prominence as a result of sustained pressure, shear, or friction.

Pyoderma gangrenosum

A rapidly enlarging, exquisitely painful ulcer with a distinctive boggy, undermined, and violaceous border, often triggered by trauma.

Scrofuloderma

A cold abscess from an underlying tuberculous lymph node breaks down the skin to form sinus tracts and ulcers with bluish, undermined edges.

Sickle cell disease

A chronic, extremely painful, and well-demarcated ulcer develops over the medial or lateral malleolus.

Squamous cell carcinoma

A persistent, indurated ulcer with a firm, everted edge and a necrotic, crusted base, commonly on sun-damaged skin.

Stasis ulcer

A shallow ulcer with irregular borders and a granulating base is typically located over the medial malleolus within an area of stasis dermatitis.

Syphilis

A single, painless, indurated ulcer (chancre) with a clean base and firm, raised borders appears at the site of inoculation.

Systemic sclerosis

Painful, 'punched-out' ulcers occur on the fingertips or over extensor aspects of joints, often resulting from severe Raynaud's phenomenon.

Thalassemia

A chronic, slow-to-heal ulcer appears over the medial or lateral malleolus, similar in presentation to those in sickle cell disease.

Thalessemia

A chronic, slow-to-heal ulcer appears over the medial or lateral malleolus, similar in presentation to those in sickle cell disease.

Vasculitic ulcer

An irregular or stellate ulcer develops from a preceding lesion of palpable purpura, often surrounded by residual purpura or livedo reticularis.

Veno-occusive

An ischemic ulcer develops due to the occlusion of small to medium-sized veins, often presenting as painful purpuric macules that necrose.

Venous ulcer

A shallow ulcer with irregular borders and a granulating base is typically located over the medial malleolus within an area of stasis dermatitis.

Yaws

A large, reddish, 'raspberry-like' papillomatous growth (frambesioma) that may become crusted and ulcerated appears on the limbs or face.

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