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Acropustulosis of infancy

Recurrent crops of intensely pruritic pustules and vesicles appear predominantly on the palms and soles of an infant.

Aspergillus

Erythematous papules progress to pustules and then necrotic eschars in an immunocompromised child.

Bullous impetigo

Flaccid, clear or cloudy bullae arise on intact skin, rupture easily leaving a thin, varnish-like crust, often caused by staphylococcus.

Congenital Langerhan's cell histiocytosis

Widespread reddish-brown papules, vesicles, and pustules resembling a seborrheic dermatitis are present at birth.

Congenital candidiasis

A generalized eruption of erythematous macules, papules, and pustules is present at or within hours of birth.

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in infancy

Recurrent crops of sterile pustules arise on the scalp and face, with smears revealing numerous eosinophils.

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Erythematous 'flea-bitten' macules with a central pinpoint white-to-yellow papule or pustule appear in the first few days of life.

Haemophilus influenzae

Cellulitis of the head and neck, with a characteristic violaceous or reddish-blue hue, may develop central vesicles or bullae.

Herpes simplex

Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base appear anywhere on the body, but particularly on the scalp, face, or at sites of trauma.

Herpes zoster

Vesicles on an erythematous base appear in a unilateral dermatomal distribution.

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Recurrent 'cold' staphylococcal abscesses, pustules, and a chronic eczematous dermatitis are characteristic from infancy.

Incontinentia pigmenti

Linear or swirled crops of inflammatory vesicles and bullae are the first stage, appearing at or shortly after birth.

Infantile acne

Comedones, papules, and pustules appear on the face of an infant between 3 and 6 months of age.

Intrauterine HSV

Vesicles, erosions, or scarring are present at birth in a newborn with microcephaly and chorioretinitis.

Listeria

Disseminated small, pale papules and granulomas are seen on the skin of an acutely ill newborn with sepsis.

Miliaria crystallina

Tiny, clear, superficial, non-inflammatory vesicles resembling beads of sweat appear on the head, neck, and trunk.

Miliaria rubra

Small, erythematous papules and pustules (prickly heat) appear in skin folds and on clothed areas due to sweat duct obstruction.

Neonatal Behcets disease

Oral and genital ulcers are the hallmark, but pustular or acneiform lesions can also be present at birth.

Neonatal HSV

Grouped vesicles on an erythematous base appear on the scalp, face or body, typically between 6 and 10 days of life.

Neonatal acne

Inflammatory papules and pustules, without comedones, appear on the face in the first few weeks of life.

Neonatal candidiasis

Beefy-red plaques with satellite pustules and papules characteristically appear in the diaper area.

Neonatal varicella

Vesicles in all stages of development ('dew drops on a rose petal') appear in a centripetal distribution within the first 10 days of life.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hemorrhagic pustules that rapidly evolve into necrotic ulcers (ecthyma gangrenosum) can occur in a sick or premature neonate.

Pustular psoriasis

Sheets of erythema are studded with numerous tiny, sterile pustules that coalesce into 'lakes of pus'.

Staphylococcal infection

Localized pustules or flaccid bullae (bullous impetigo) can progress to widespread tender erythema and exfoliation (scalded skin syndrome).

Streptococcal infection

Perianal or perioral erythema and fissuring are classic, but honey-crusted vesicles of impetigo can also occur.

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Superficial pustules present at birth rupture easily leaving a collarette of scale and a hyperpigmented macule that fades over weeks.

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